全文获取类型
收费全文 | 29610篇 |
免费 | 5742篇 |
国内免费 | 7003篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3212篇 |
大气科学 | 4907篇 |
地球物理 | 6364篇 |
地质学 | 14371篇 |
海洋学 | 3749篇 |
天文学 | 5490篇 |
综合类 | 1928篇 |
自然地理 | 2334篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 51篇 |
2023年 | 337篇 |
2022年 | 758篇 |
2021年 | 994篇 |
2020年 | 1096篇 |
2019年 | 1292篇 |
2018年 | 1091篇 |
2017年 | 1239篇 |
2016年 | 1252篇 |
2015年 | 1433篇 |
2014年 | 1948篇 |
2013年 | 1913篇 |
2012年 | 2053篇 |
2011年 | 2231篇 |
2010年 | 2111篇 |
2009年 | 2484篇 |
2008年 | 2318篇 |
2007年 | 2415篇 |
2006年 | 2310篇 |
2005年 | 1929篇 |
2004年 | 1744篇 |
2003年 | 1426篇 |
2002年 | 1129篇 |
2001年 | 1033篇 |
2000年 | 913篇 |
1999年 | 849篇 |
1998年 | 707篇 |
1997年 | 530篇 |
1996年 | 467篇 |
1995年 | 396篇 |
1994年 | 384篇 |
1993年 | 331篇 |
1992年 | 260篇 |
1991年 | 191篇 |
1990年 | 151篇 |
1989年 | 164篇 |
1988年 | 101篇 |
1987年 | 66篇 |
1986年 | 45篇 |
1985年 | 47篇 |
1984年 | 27篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1954年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response (PSR), this paper focuses on the emission reduction pressure, carbon emission status, and responses of stakeholders in China’s tourism industry. Findings include: 1) The central government’s strategy and rapid growth of the industry scale exert rising pressure on China’s tourism to reduce carbon emissions. 2) Carbon emissions of China's tourism account for 13%-14.6% of global tourism, and about 3% of China’s emissions overall. Chinese tourists’ per capita carbon emission is lower than half of the global level. 3) The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. In the tourism industry, documents, standards and other regulative measures have been issued to ensure that business practitioners set up green operational and managerial systems. In the field of tourism transportation, China's high-speed rail, new energy vehicles, and urban shared bicycles, have developed very rapidly in recent years, and they have effectively reduced the carbon emissions in traveling. Furthermore, this paper finds that Chinese tourists already have awareness and willingness for low-carbon tourism. 相似文献
32.
提出一种确定不等式约束Partial EIV模型解及精度评定的新方法,在总体最小二乘准则下,将附有不等式约束的Partial EIV模型转换为标准最优化问题。采取WHP拟牛顿修正的SQP方法求解,并利用SUT法对参数估值进行精度评定,可以减小迭代次数、提高收敛速度,且精度评定方法简单有效。 相似文献
33.
基于ECMWF全球大气模型和中国地面气候资料日值数据集中新疆及周边的气象站气压数据,根据弹性地壳形变理论,采用移去-恢复法,利用负荷格林函数法和球谐函数法,计算新疆及周边区域2011~2015年大气负荷变化对地壳垂直、水平形变的影响,同时采用大气导纳方法计算大气变化对地面重力的影响。结果表明,大气负荷对新疆地区垂直形变的影响达到cm级,对地面重力的影响可达10 μGal;大气负荷影响具有明显的季节性。 相似文献
34.
对传统的向后-向前选择法粗差定位方法进行改进,即在原有基础上加入对平差模型的整体检验,计算统计量的相关系数,通过对偏相关系数的检验来定位统计量相关的粗差观测值。通过模拟粗差算例证明,该算法能够准确定位多维粗差,有效改善粗差定位转移的现象,且粗差估值结果比较可靠。 相似文献
35.
36.
研究尼日尔三角洲东部深水区块发现,整个盆地从陆向洋具有3个大的构造分区:伸展拉张区、过渡区和挤压逆冲区。伸展区以大型同沉积断层伴生大量滚动背斜构造为特征,过渡区发育大量泥底辟构造,挤压区以复杂的逆冲叠瓦构造为主。通过分析形成机理,揭示东部深水转换带上M研究区构造特征,按构造的演化特征将该区构造分为泥底辟型、冲断-泥底辟混合型、逆冲型3种类型,提出研究区内的圈闭主要以构造-岩性圈闭为主,为尼日尔三角洲盆地深水勘探提供新的理论指导。 相似文献
37.
《Limnologica》2020
The biodiversity hotspot region of the Eastern Himalayas consists of a vast freshwater network enriched with species diversity. Many small-scale torrential rivers and water reaches contribute to the species pool of all the major rivers by converging downstream. These reaches are most likely to be degraded at a faster rate as compared to the large-scale rivers following an increased rate of urbanization, habitat alterations, and changing climatic conditions. Therefore, this study aims to explore River Murti, which is a representative small scale river system characterized by a large altitudinal gradient and a diverse watershed area. Ichthyofaunal diversity (i.e., diversity, evenness & richness) and 21 environmental variables are measured through a tri-seasonal sampling effort conducted along 14 selected locations. A total of 41 fish species (including species belonging to 4 Near Threatened, 8 Vulnerable, and 1 Endangered) are found inhabiting this river. Ichthyofaunal assemblage is found to be primarily modulated by habitat diversity and landscape variables. Three Aquatic Ecological Systems (AES) have been identified along this river in a top-down approach based on recorded environmental variables. We have calculated an observed/expected ratio for each diversity indices along 14 locations based on predicted temporal variability using boosted regression (BRT) models. The evaluation of diversity status has been kept at 0.5 to account for a 50% loss or deviation from observed (O/E50). This evaluation has been successfully used to delineate AES1 with majorly “Impaired” status and thus ensures its importance in terms of species conservation. Our study indicates the contribution of 11 major environmental drivers modulating the species assemblage patterns in these AES. Amongst them, altitude, substrate coarseness, river morphology, and shelter availability are strongly associated with species diversity as per the BRT models. These underlying factors are also correlated with “basin pressure,” suggesting that anthropogenic disturbances, as well as the changing climate, might play an important role in the gradual change in environmental conditions, which in turn could cause a shift in species assemblage structure. 相似文献
38.
This paper presents an experimental study on the performance of a shear-sliding stud-type damper composed of multiple friction units with high-tension bolts and disc springs. A numerical evaluation of the response reduction effects achieved by the stud-type damper is also presented. In dynamic loading tests, the behavior of stud-type multiunit friction damper specimens was investigated. Three different full-scale damper specimens, which were composed of five, six, or seven friction units with two or four sliding surfaces, were incorporated into loading devices for testing. The stud-type friction dampers demonstrated stable rigid-plastic hysteresis loops without any remarkable decrease in the sliding force even when subjected to repetitive loading, in addition to showing no unstable behavior such as lateral buckling. The damper produced a total sliding force approximately proportional to the number of sliding surfaces and friction units. The total sliding force of the stud-type damper can thus be estimated by summing the contributions of each friction unit. In an earthquake response simulation, the control effects achieved by stud-type dampers incorporated into an analytical high-rise building model under various input waves, including long-period, long-duration and pulse-like ground motions, were evaluated. A satisfactory response reduction was obtained by installing the developed stud-type dampers into the main frame without negatively impacting usability and convenience in terms of building planning. 相似文献
39.
40.
反应谱的标定是抗震设计的基础工作之一,模拟退火算法是基于模拟固体退火过程而提出的多参数优化组合方法。本文提出将模拟退火算法应用于设计反应谱的标定,并概述了模拟退火算法的基本原理及特点,介绍了运用MATLAB基于模拟退火算法对反应谱进行标定的过程。检验了将模拟退火算法应用于场地相关谱标定的可行性和合理性,给出了将其应用于工程场地地震安全性评价中设计反应谱标定实例。通过检验和实例分析可以看出,基于模拟退火算法的反应谱标定方法所给出的设计反应谱谱形真实地反映了原地震反应谱的特征,较客观的反映了场地相关反应谱的峰值和周期特征。 相似文献